{"id":3235,"date":"2015-06-02T11:34:14","date_gmt":"2015-06-02T03:34:14","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.appliedpsyj.org\/journal\/?p=3235"},"modified":"2015-06-02T11:34:22","modified_gmt":"2015-06-02T03:34:22","slug":"studies-on-morale-in-taiwan-a-critical-review","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.appliedpsyj.org.tw\/journal\/?p=3235","title":{"rendered":"Studies on Morale in Taiwan: A Critical Review"},"content":{"rendered":"

Chih-Lung Yen<\/strong>
\nDepartment of Psychology\u00a0National Chengchi University<\/p>\n

The aim of the present study is to explore the essence of morale and to review related research in Taiwan. Through literature review of empirical studies on morale, the author argues that: 1. The definition and essence of morale had not been clarified in most studies. 2. Most researchers confused morale with other constructs (e.g. job satisfaction, cohesion), or regarded it as a linear additive product of other constructs. 3. Many researchers used measurements designed for other constructs to measure morale (e.g. Job Description Index\uff1bJDI.). 4. Most studies of morale in Taiwan were conducted by graduate students to satisfy requirements for degree dissertations in education or administration colleges. Psychological studies are relatively scant The author also argues that the level of analysis should depend on the purpose of research. Further suggestions are: 1. Future studies should emphasize on the clarification of the essential and definition of morale. 2. The study on the content of morale should emphasize on its integrative entity rather than the combination of other constructs. 3. Morale should be treated as a dynamic process rather than a static structure. 4. The variations among morale of individuals within a group may be a potential index to measure team morale. 5. The Characteristics of organizations should be considered. 6. Future studies should be careful in choosing the measurements of morale and special attention should be paid on construct validity. 7. Practical applications and academic research of morale should be allowed to have different purposes and emphases<\/p>\n

Keywords: morale, motivation, review<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Chih-Lung Yen Department of Psychology\u00a0National Chengch …<\/span> Read More →<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[108],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3235","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-108"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t