{"id":2942,"date":"2015-05-26T12:08:44","date_gmt":"2015-05-26T04:08:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.appliedpsyj.org\/journal\/?p=2942"},"modified":"2015-05-26T12:08:58","modified_gmt":"2015-05-26T04:08:58","slug":"on-infants-smiles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.appliedpsyj.org.tw\/journal\/?p=2942","title":{"rendered":"On Infants\u2019 Smiles"},"content":{"rendered":"

Wei-Lun Lee<\/strong>
\nDepartment of Clinical and Counseling Psychology\u00a0National Dong Hwa University<\/p>\n

This article reflects upon the approach of contemporary\u00a0mainstream psychology to knowledge and demonstrates a\u00a0phenomenological alternative in terms of examining infants\u2019 smiles.\u00a0Contemporary mainstream psychology on the one hand emphasizes\u00a0empirically validated knowledge, yet on the other distrusts human\u00a0perceptions. As a result, it ignores the direct experiences in everyday\u00a0life and turns to theoretical construction and methodological validation\u00a0for the promise of truth. This article, however, points out that the\u00a0efforts to deprive \u201csubjective\u201d experiences do not guarantee a\u00a0scientific value of psychological knowledge. On the contrary, the\u00a0contemporary mainstream psychology takes on more suspicious\u00a0assumptions as it tries to avoid the inevitable perceptional experiences.\u00a0This article returns to lived experiences where the infants\u2019 smiles are\u00a0given, and articulates the essential structure of such a familiar, yet\u00a0ambiguous phenomenon. This article obtains the following\u00a0understandings: first, there are two levels of psychological knowledge\u00a0and each has its own appropriate methodology; one takes individual as\u00a0the observation unit and the other takes coupling as the observation\u00a0unit. The latter, more original and with less assumption than the former,\u00a0is the methodology applied for exploring the phenomenon of\u00a0experiencing infants\u2019 smiles. Second, on this level of knowledge, the\u00a0experiences of infants\u2019 smiles can be understood as constituting\u00a0moments in which the infants and their counterparts formulate a\u00a0coupling relationship and thus become different respectively. And third,\u00a0some extended examinations on the infant\/child-adult coupling\u00a0constitutions are also discussed in this article. They include the\u00a0deprived mode of psychotic \u201cletting unable to be,\u201d the demanding\u00a0mode that allows the child an experience of a gap between \u201cwhat I am\u201d\u00a0and \u201cwhat I should be,\u201d and the \u201ctaking-taken\u201d mode of taking away\u00a0from each other in order to maintain one\u2019s own sense of completeness.<\/p>\n

Keywords: infant\u2019s smiles, expression, emotion, phenomenological\u00a0psychology, psychological methodology<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Wei-Lun Lee Department of Clinical and Counseling Psych …<\/span> Read More →<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[118],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2942","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-118"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t