{"id":2181,"date":"2015-03-11T11:41:48","date_gmt":"2015-03-11T03:41:48","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.appliedpsyj.org\/journal\/?p=2181"},"modified":"2015-03-11T11:42:18","modified_gmt":"2015-03-11T03:42:18","slug":"the-emotional-reactions-toward-frustration-in-six-to-twelve-month-old-infants","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.appliedpsyj.org.tw\/journal\/?p=2181","title":{"rendered":"The Emotional Reactions toward Frustration in Six to Twelve-Month-Old Infants"},"content":{"rendered":"

Shih-Tseng Tina<\/strong>
\nDepartment of Psychology National Chung Cheng University
\nHuang Shu-Ling Kao<\/strong>
\nDepartment of Psychology National Chung Cheng University<\/p>\n

The purpose of the present study was to examine 6 to 12\u2013month-old infants\u2019 reactions toward frustration. Sixty infants of 6, 9, and 12 months participated in a frustration induction procedure. Half of them experienced a session with his\/her mother first, and then with a stranger, and the other half experienced the sessions in reverse order. During each session, infants were first offered 3 cookies, and then had another 3 cookies taken away from them. The results indicated that in comparison to the baseline, the infants\u2019 heart rates increased, and they cried more during frustration. The frequency of crying during the frustration stage was higher than that during the cookie-offering stage. In general, the 6-month-old infants exhibited higher heart rates when facing mothers than strangers. As for the 12-month-old infants, their heart rates during frustration and cookie-eating were higher than baseline. When facing the stranger first, the infants exhibited higher heart rates with mothers than with strangers. The results showed that when facing their mothers, infants cried more during frustration than during the baseline or cookie-offering stage. The 9-month-old infants cried more in the session with the stranger. The 12-month-old infants cried more during the baseline and cookie-offering stage, if they first experienced frustration session with mother rather than frustration session with the stranger. These findings suggest that mothers play a major role in regulating their infants\u2019 frustration reactions.<\/p>\n

Keywords: infant, mother and stranger, frustration, emotions<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Shih-Tseng Tina Department of Psychology National Chung …<\/span> Read More →<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[140],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-2181","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-140"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t\n\t\t